Social capital enhances the flow of resources to individuals via formal and informal network and social support. Over the last two decades, social capital has been employed at exploring the processes that makes a conducive and secure community – for fostering different identities and behaviors (1). About 44 percent of the disabled community in India is women (2). Apart from the lack of social and physical autonomy this populace is subjected to stigmatisation, poor quality of life, disintegrated social and psychological functioning. Previous studies show that sport helps to build community identity and a sense of community and belonging. Our study focuses on the discourse of the intersectionality between disability, gender and sports in the formation and maintenance of social capital on a group of five women athletes with disabilities. Qualitative study based on primary and secondary data was done through narrative and content analysis. Results show that there might be a role of sports in developing social capital leading them to break few mental and physical barriers. The study finally shows the positive effects of the socio-cultural aspects of social capital.

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life-threatening gynaecological surgical emergency. It’s incidence is rising globally. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy.The present study is aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and post-operative outcome of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: The study was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Data were retrieved from the medical record section , from the case sheets of gynae admission registers and operative notes in the study duration of one year (January 2019-December 2019). The gynaecological admissions and records of the total births within the period of study were also used in the analysis. Results: During this study period, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.95% of total births and 7.46% of the total gynaecological admissions. The peak age group of incidence was age of 26-30 years. Use of contraception and history of abortion were the main risk factors with contributions of 27.82% each respectively. Abdominal pain (86.95%), amenorrhoea (81.73%), vaginal bleeding (54.78%) were the most frequent presenting complaints. Ampulla (58.26%) followed by cornua (8.69%) were the commonest sites of ectopic implantation. Ovarian pregnancies contributed to only 5.21%. A total of 69.56% patients presented with ruptured ectopic pregnancy but only 14.78% had hemodynamic instability. In majority of patients salpingectomy (61.73%) was done followed by salpingo-oophorectomy (8.69%). Only 11.30% received methotrexate in line of medical management and 59.13% required blood transfusion. There was no maternal mortality. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, timely referral, improved access to health care facility and aggressive management would help to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.

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Acanthophora spicifera (Red algae) and Dictyopteris australis (Brown algae), biomasses were pretreated and subjected to fermentation. Acid pretreatment yielded 35.82±0.12 mg/g and 28.04±0.09 mg/g of reduced sugar respectively. Acid pretreated biomass subjected to enzyme hydrolysis yielded 216 mg/g and 187 mg/g of reduced sugar. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation was carried out for acid hydrolysate using yeast strain isolated from cashew fruit juice (CJY) and toddy juice (TJY) hydrolysate with CJY strain yield 137 mg/g and 107 mg/g respectively of ethanol and TJY yielded 240 mg/g and 190 mg/g respectively for A. spicifera and D. australis of ethanol achieving 26.4 and 20.6 and 47.8 % and 37.4 % theoretical efficiency respectively in SHF process. In SSF process, TJY yielded higher ethanol yield of 470 mg/g and 370 mg/g, achieving 84.2% and 73.7% theoretical efficiency and exhibiting thermo tolerance ability.

Environmental conservation has been a burning topic for the past few decades and conservation and health monitoring of soil and soil biota is a domain that needs to be dealt with which is directly related to agriculture, food and human health. Due to indiscriminate of chemical fertilizers the soil health and the ecology of soil organisms has been drastically deteriorated. Beneficial non-target organisms are harmed as a result of pesticide application, earthworms being the most common and abundant amongst them. Cypermethrin is one of the commonly used synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural field. Perionyx excavatus is an indigenous species of epigeic earthworm found in abundance in the uncultivated grasslands, around Midnapore district of West Bengal, that are free from direct pesticide contamination and are collected from there. In this study, acute toxicity of selected earthworms was evaluated following the 96-hr LC50 test under laboratory conditions. Similarly, chronic toxicity of preclitellete and adult earthworms Perionyx excavatus was evaluated by exposing them to sublethal concentrations i.e. 25% of LC50 (T1) and 50% of LC50 (T2) of cypermethrin (Cypermethrin- T1- 3.0 µg/kg soil, T2- 6.0 µg/kg soil) for 28 days to detect their developmental changes and changes in cellular enzyme activities respectively, under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that cypermethrin could lead to significant reduction of biomass, reduced cocoon production and changes in acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. We found that in case of T2 sublethal dose of cypermethrin cocoon production was reduced to nil. In summary, we found that cypermethrin induced both developmental and enzymatic changes in Perionyx excavatus, contributing to a more comprehensive evaluation of the safety of the synthetic pyrethroid. These parameters can also be used as effective tools in detecting pesticide pollution in agro-ecosystems.

The Lambadi people (also known as Banjara, Gormati, Vanjara and Gor). The community described as perambulant people from north west of India from Mewar region now the location is Rajasthan. There are one of the Scheduled Tribes communities spread out mostly in southern part of India like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and some parts of Northern India. British Colonial Authorities has passed the Act of 1871 under the preview of Criminal Tribes in 19th century, which made them to give up their classical occupations. Due to the impact some of them resolve into farming and others gone back to the forest. This led to some of them settling down as farmers and others are driven into the forest.

Jashpur district is a herbal medicinal district of Chhattisgarh, where various tribes people like Korwa, Gond, Nageshiya, Birhor, Pando and Baiga are reside. The tribal people mostly obtain medicines from the forests and use them in large quantities for various diseases and sell the medicinal herbs in the market and make a living from that income. The survey revealed that most of these wild medicinal herbs are used by tribes in wide volumes for Fever, Skin diseases, Headache, Body pain, Joint pain, Bone fracture, Digestive problem, Piles and Paralysis. There are 100 of medicinal plant species available as medicines in Jashpur district.

Wild edible plants playing important role in the nutrition, hygien, medicinal and conventional lifestyles of the people. The area of Jashpur is rich biodiversity and tribal culture, dependent for sustenance on wild edible plants. These are not only consumed in the Jashpur area, but are also sold in local markets for the benefit of different sections of plants used in different types of diseases. The Survey was conducted on Jashpur district several villages where meeting with local medicine men, Baiga, Vaidya, local people and collect the data regarding to ethnomedicinal wild edible plants. In this study during field survey total 20 ethno medicinal wild edible plant species were identified which are used by the tribal or local people of Jashpur district Chhattisgarh. A total of 20 species belonging to 17 families were documented from the study area. Out of the recorded species were 5 herbs, 3 shrubs, 2 rhizome, 3 climbers, and the rest 7 were trees. Plant parts such as leaves, fruit, young twigs, shoots, rhizomes, roots, flowers, seeds, etc. These plants are also used for medicine as well as food people community.